Ozempic For Weight Loss Side Effects And Common Reactions 2023

Dr. Nicolette Natale, DO
Dr. Kimberly Langdon, MD
Ozempic for weight loss side effects are usually nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, but are they permanent? Click here to find out more.
ozempic for weight loss side effects
Ozempic side effects typically resolve with continued treatment. Photo: Ba Le Ho

If you are overweight or obese and wondering how to lose weight, Ozempic might be the answer you are looking for.

Ozempic, originally used to treat diabetes, has gained popularity as a weight loss drug. It belongs to a class of medications[1] known as glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP 1) receptor agonists, which help manage blood sugar by stimulating insulin secretion after glucose consumption due to the hormone incretin.

One of the major side effects is significant weight reduction, so much so that the active ingredient in Ozempic, semaglutide, has now been FDA approved for treating obesity as Wegovy.

Many doctors still prescribe Ozempic for losing weight, but it is known to cause side effects that have gained the media’s attention.

In this article, we will explore Ozempic for weight loss side effects, delve into rare adverse reactions, and discuss when to see a doctor if side effects become persistent.

Ozempic For Weight Loss Side Effects

  • Ozempic’s main side effects are gastrointestinal and include nausea, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, and abdominal pain.
  • Side effects typically resolve within a few days to a few weeks.
  • More serious side effects have been reported and include pancreatitis, thyroid tumors, hypoglycemia, acute renal failure, vision issues, and allergic reactions.

Side Effects Of Ozempic For Weight Loss

ozempic for weight loss side effects
Ozempic is well known to cause gastrointestinal side effects. Photo: Shutterstock

Although Ozempic has been shown[2] to be an effective weight loss medicine in overweight and obese individuals, it does come with a share of common[3] gastrointestinal side effects. Gastrointestinal side effects are usually mild to moderate and improve with time as a person adjusts to the medicine.

The gastrointestinal side effects most people experience are due to the mechanism of action of this medication, which causes delayed gastric emptying or a slowing of the contractions of the muscles of the stomach that make food exit the stomach and enter the small intestines for further digestion.

Delayed gastric emptying leaves people feeling full longer, which may result in losing weight but can also cause uncomfortable side effects. We will explore the reasons behind each side effect below.

Featured Partner Offer

phenq

PhenQ

  • Helps to burn fat
  • Crushes food cravings
  • Boosts energy and balances mood
  • High-quality formula

See PhenQ Review

Money Back Guarantee and Free US Shipping

CHECK PRICE

Nausea

Ozempic causes a delay in the emptying of the stomach contents into the small intestine for further digestion. When food sits in the stomach for an extended period, it can cause distension of the stomach and stretch the nerves around the gut. Stomach distension can send messages of severe nausea to the brain as the food has nowhere to go.

Nausea is the most common side effect of Ozempic, with research[4] demonstrating around 44% of people taking the medication for weight loss experience it.

Vomiting 

Ozempic’s powerful action of slowing stomach emptying can also cause vomiting. In a similar mechanism to the sensation of nausea due to food sitting in the stomach for prolonged periods, the distended stomach may cause nerve fibers around the gut to signal the brain to vomit. Around 25% of patients in a scientific review[5] on the use of semaglutide for weight loss experienced vomiting.

Constipation

Ozempic slows down how quickly the stomach empties, which leads to people feeling full for much longer. Unfortunately, when someone feels very full, they might consume less fluids throughout the day. Dehydration is a known cause of constipation, as the stool becomes much harder, and this makes it difficult to pass.

Up to 23%[6] of patients experience constipation while on Ozempic for weight loss, so consume plenty of fluids throughout the day.

Diarrhea

The exact reason for this side effect is unclear, but it is assumed that diarrhea results from how Ozempic influences the absorption of nutrients[7] and gut transit time. If certain nutrients are not absorbed, this can lead to diarrhea[8] due to increased water moving into the bowels, a phenomenon known as osmotic diarrhea. On the other hand, malabsorption of nutrients due to slowed gastric motility due to Ozempic can also cause diarrhea.

The slowing of bowel motility also influences diarrhea while on Ozempic. The stretching of the stomach is known to cause a reflex known as the gastrocolic reflex,[9] which impacts the movement of the muscles in the colon. The prolonged stretch of the stomach due to Ozempic can cause the activation of this reflex, leading to increased motility in the lower gastrointestinal tract and causing diarrhea.

Research[10] has demonstrated around 32% of people taking Ozempic for weight loss experience diarrhea.

Abdominal Pain 

Slowing the digestive system due to Ozempic can cause abdominal discomfort in many individuals. This may be due to the nerve fibers surrounding the stomach sending pain sensations up to the brain as the stomach becomes distended.

According to Ozempic[11] clinical trials in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, up to 7% of people on 0.5 mg experienced abdominal pain. Other research[12] has supported this finding, with a recent scientific review on Ozempic for weight loss nondiabetic side effects. According to the Food and Drug Administration, approximately 7% of users experience upper abdominal pain.

How Long Do Side Effects Last?

The duration of side effects from Ozempic can vary from person to person. Although the side effects of Ozempic for weight loss may be unpleasant, they are usually mild and will improve within a few days or weeks for most individuals. Usually, gastrointestinal upset occurs at the start of treatment but improves as your body adjusts to the prescription medicine.

On the other hand, some individuals can experience persistent or worsening side effects that may result in medication cessation. If you experience severe or continual side effects after beginning Ozempic, it is crucial to consult with your healthcare provider for further evaluation and guidance.

After enduring these side effects, you might be wondering, how long does it take to lose weight on Ozempic? It may vary from person to person, but individuals usually begin to see results within a few weeks.

More Serious Side Effects 

Most individuals generally tolerate Ozempic, and although it may cause gastrointestinal side effects upon initiation, these usually subside with time. Clinical trials of Ozempic[13] have reported some more serious side effects to be aware of, such as thyroid cancer, pancreatitis, and hypoglycemia. Certain populations should avoid this medication altogether due to their increased risk for serious side effects. We will explore these in more detail below.

Thyroid Cancer

Ozempic has been shown to increase the risk of thyroid cancer in studies. Individuals should not take this medication with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2, which puts people at a greater risk of developing thyroid cancer.

Pancreatitis

Pancreatitis[14] occurs when there is inflammation in the pancreas and can cause upper abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. It can also be caused by issues with the gallbladder, such as gallstones. 

Ozempic[15] has reported pancreatitis as an adverse event in individuals taking this medication and suggests individuals with a history of pancreatitis do not take this medication. 

Additionally, research[16] has found that semaglutide can cause gallbladder problems, such as problems with gallbladder emptying and gallbladder stones. This may exacerbate the risk for pancreatitis and gallbladder issues in individuals with pre-existing conditions impacting these organs. Always check with your doctor before starting any new medications that may be hazardous in individuals with preexisting health conditions.

Severe Hypoglycemia 

When used alone, Ozempic has not been shown[17] to increase the risk of severe hypoglycemia. On the other hand, patients who take other diabetes medications, such as basal insulin or a sulfonylurea, are at increased risk of experiencing this serious side effect. Severe hypoglycemia[18] can result in dizziness, rapid heartbeat, shaking, sweating, confusion, and, if left untreated, serious neurologic consequences, such as brain damage, seizures, and death.

Diabetic Retinopathy Complications

Diabetic retinopathy[19] is a disease of the eyes that is common in patients with diabetes. It causes gradual vision loss, and symptoms may begin as visual floaters, blurriness, dark areas of vision, difficulty perceiving colors, and can progress to blindness. 

Ozempic has been shown[20] to cause an increased risk of diabetic retinopathy complications such as vitreous hemorrhage, blindness, or other conditions that require invasive treatment to restore vision. Individuals with diabetic retinopathy must be monitored closely by their physician for complications if they take this drug.

Acute Renal Failure 

Research[21] has demonstrated that kidney failure may occur in individuals after starting Ozempic, even without a history of kidney issues. Dehydrating side effects of Ozempic, such as diarrhea and vomiting, can exacerbate this risk.

This more serious side effect is important to be aware of, and you should contact your prescribing doctor immediately if you experience any symptoms[22] of acute renal failure, such as decreased urination, bladder distension, swelling, confusion, fatigue, irregular heartbeat, weakness, or nausea.

Allergic Reaction

Just like with any new medication, serious allergic reactions to the ingredients in Ozempic can occur at any time. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include hives, rashes, swelling of the face or eyes, problems breathing, or trouble swallowing. If you experience any of these symptoms, contacting your healthcare provider promptly is crucial.

How To Prevent Or Manage The Side Effects?

ozempic for weight loss side effects
Eating a balanced diet and staying hydrated can ease symptoms. Photo: Shutterstock

The side effects of Ozempic have been shown[23] to be dose dependent, meaning higher doses cause more severe side effects. To prevent the side effects of Ozempic, starting at the lowest possible dose of 0.25 mg once weekly for four weeks is recommended.[24] If, at this point, you are tolerating the medication without significant adverse effects, your doctor will increase the dosage until you reach the maximum tolerated dose.

If you experience severe gastrointestinal effects, your doctor may slow the rate of medication increase. This will give your body more time to adjust to the alterations in digestion that are occurring due to the medication.

Your doctor may also recommend dietary modifications to prevent certain symptoms. For upper gastrointestinal symptoms like nausea and vomiting, consuming small meals that include lean protein and unprocessed foods more frequently and ensuring proper hydration is best. For lower gastrointestinal symptoms such as constipation and diarrhea, increasing your fiber and water intake is recommended to help restore normal bowel movements. Eating healthy can be a supportive way to lose fat while taking Ozempic.

Over the counter medications can be helpful to ease gastrointestinal symptoms in a pinch. This may include stool softeners for constipation, emetrol for constant nausea and vomiting, or pepto bismol or Imodium  for diarrhea. 

Once you have your side effects under control you might be curious, how long does it take to lose belly fat on Ozempic? As with all lifestyle modifications, changes take time. But, if you have hit a plateau in your weight loss, a fat burner might be worth exploring.

Featured Partner Offer

phenq

PhenQ

Enjoy 10% Off & Free Shipping Code: “FIRST10“

Applied at checkout

Check Price

When Should I See A Doctor? 

Mild to moderate gastrointestinal side effects are the most common side effects of Ozempic, so this is to be expected. But, if symptoms become severe or persistent, you should contact your doctor immediately. Severe symptoms to look out for include:

  • Severe abdominal pain.
  • Relentless nausea or vomiting.
  • Inability to keep down food or water.
  • Signs of allergic reactions (Rash, hives, swelling, shortness of breath, or wheezing).

Make sure to inform your healthcare provider if you are experiencing serious adverse effects, as other medicines can help with weight loss that may better suit you. 

Conclusion

Ozempic is an effective medication for rapid weight loss in obese and overweight individuals, especially in those with Type 2 Diabetes. It is important to be aware of the potential side effects of Ozempic to safely and easily transition into this medicine. The most common side effects are gastrointestinal, including stomach pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation. Typically, side effects will resolve as treatment continues.

In certain individuals, these symptoms may persist, and the medication may need to be stopped. Individuals should be aware of the risk for more severe side effects such as pancreatitis, thyroid tumors, acute renal failure, vision problems, and allergic reactions. If you experience severe or persistent side effects while on Ozempic, seek medical attention immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

Is Ozempic a safe weight loss drug?

Ozempic have been proven to be safe[25] for most individuals. But it should not be taken by individuals who have a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma or multiple endocrine neoplasia, type 2, or pancreatitis.

What are the long term side effects of Ozempic?

Most side effects stop after cessation of the medicine. There have been a few reports[26] of medication induced gastroparesis,[27] or stomach paralysis, linked to semaglutide. Although severe gastroparesis is rare, it is important to be aware of this potential long-term consequence.

What should you avoid while taking Ozempic?

To prevent gastrointestinal side effects, avoid eating fried and greasy foods, foods high in sugar, spicy foods, or other foods that might upset your stomach. Eat a balanced diet high in lean proteins and vegetables instead.

What happens if you eat sugar on Ozempic?

Eating sugar while on Ozempic will cause blood sugar spikes that make it more challenging for the medicine to work to result in weight loss. To maximize weight loss efforts, eat a balanced diet and incorporate exercise.

Resources

  1. Collins, L. and Costello, R.A. (2023). Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor Agonists. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551568/.
  2. Wissam Ghusn, De, A., Sacoto, D., Cifuentes, L., Campos, A., Feris, F., Hurtado, M.D. and Acosta, A. (2022). Weight Loss Outcomes Associated With Semaglutide Treatment for Patients With Overweight or Obesity. JAMA network open, [online] 5(9), pp.e2231982–e2231982. doi:https://doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2022.31982.
  3. Bergmann, N., Davies, M.J., Ildiko Lingvay and Knop, F.K. (2022). Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, [online] 25(1), pp.18–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14863.
  4. Bergmann, N., Davies, M.J., Ildiko Lingvay and Knop, F.K. (2022). Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, [online] 25(1), pp.18–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14863.
  5. Bergmann, N., Davies, M.J., Ildiko Lingvay and Knop, F.K. (2022). Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, [online] 25(1), pp.18–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14863.
  6. Bergmann, N., Davies, M.J., Ildiko Lingvay and Knop, F.K. (2022). Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, [online] 25(1), pp.18–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14863.
  7. Smits, M.M. and Raalte, van (2021). Safety of Semaglutide. Frontiers in Endocrinology, [online] 12. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.645563.
  8. Woods, T.A. (2023). Diarrhea. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK414/.
  9. Malone, J.C. and Aravind Thavamani (2023). Physiology, Gastrocolic Reflex. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549888/.
  10. Bergmann, N., Davies, M.J., Ildiko Lingvay and Knop, F.K. (2022). Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, [online] 25(1), pp.18–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14863.
  11. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/209637lbl.pdf.
  12. Shu, Y., He, X.-C., Wu, P., Liu, Y., Ding, Y. and Zhang, Q. (2022). Gastrointestinal adverse events associated with semaglutide: A pharmacovigilance study based on FDA adverse event reporting system. Frontiers in Public Health, [online] 10. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.996179.
  13. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/209637lbl.pdf.
  14. Nabeeha Mohy-ud-din and Morrissey, S. (2023). Pancreatitis. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK538337/.
  15. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/209637lbl.pdf.
  16. Smits, M.M. and Raalte, van (2021). Safety of Semaglutide. Frontiers in Endocrinology, [online] 12. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fendo.2021.645563.
  17. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/209637lbl.pdf.
  18. Mathew, P. and Deepu Thoppil (2022). Hypoglycemia. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534841/.
  19. Shukla, U.V. and Tripathy, K. (2023). Diabetic Retinopathy. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK560805/.
  20. Marso, S.P., Bain, S.C., Consoli, A., Freddy Goldberg Eliaschewitz, Jódar, E., Leiter, L.A., Ildiko Lingvay, Rosenstock, J., Seufert, J., Warren, M., Woo, V., Ole Paaske Hansen, Holst, A.G., Pettersson, J. and Vilsbøll, T. (2016). Semaglutide and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. The New England Journal of Medicine, [online] 375(19), pp.1834–1844. doi:https://doi.org/10.1056/nejmoa1607141.
  21. Leehey, D.J., Rahman, M., Borys, E., Picken, M.M. and Clise, C.E. (2021). Acute Kidney Injury Associated With Semaglutide. Kidney medicine, [online] 3(2), pp.282–285. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.xkme.2020.10.008.
  22. Sandiya Bindroo, Quintanilla, B.S. and Challa, H.J. (2023). Renal Failure. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK519012/.
  23. Bergmann, N., Davies, M.J., Ildiko Lingvay and Knop, F.K. (2022). Semaglutide for the treatment of overweight and obesity: A review. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, [online] 25(1), pp.18–35. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/dom.14863.
  24. HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION. (n.d.). Available at: https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/label/2017/209637lbl.pdf.
  25. Xie, Z., Yang, S., Deng, W., Li, J. and Chen, J. (2022). Efficacy and Safety of Liraglutide and Semaglutide on Weight Loss in People with Obesity or Overweight: A Systematic Review. Clinical Epidemiology, [online] Volume 14, pp.1463–1476. doi:https://doi.org/10.2147/clep.s391819.
  26. M Ammar Kalas, Galura, G. and McCallum, R.W. (2021). Medication-Induced Gastroparesis: A Case Report. Journal of investigative medicine high impact case reports, [online] 9, p.232470962110519-232470962110519. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/23247096211051919.
  27. Anil and Mehta, P. (2022). Gastroparesis. [online] Nih.gov. Available at: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551528/.

More from Weight Management